My research interests have gradually evolved from an early focus on Portuguese settlement in Canada to a research interest on the settlement experiences of different immigrant groups, especially their challenge in finding adequate housing and their participation in ethnic entrepreneurship. My current research focuses on: (a) the changing social geography of Canadian cities, particularly Toronto and Vancouver; (b) ethnic entrepreneurship through comparative case studies of immigrants in Toronto and Vancouver; and (c) the housing experiences and coping strategies of new immigrants and refugees in suburban Toronto and Vancouver